Chapter 8 — Nucleic Acid Detection and Genomics Technology
- Properties of Cyanine Dyes
- Premier Cyanine Dyes for Ultrasensitive Nucleic Acid Detection and Quantitation
- Cell-Impermeant Cyanine Dimers: The TOTO Family of Dyes
- High Affinity for Nucleic Acids
- High Fluorescence Enhancements and High Quantum Yields upon Binding to Nucleic Acids
- Modifying the Dimers Creates Compounds with Different Spectral Characteristics
- Binding Modes of the Cyanine Dimers
- Working with Cyanine Dimers
- Cell-Impermeant Cyanine Monomers: The TO-PRO Family of Dyes
- Spectral Characteristics of the Cyanine Dye Monomers
- Working with Cyanine Monomers
- Cell-Impermeant SYTOX Dyes for Dead-Cell Staining
- SYTOX Green Stain
- SYTOX Blue Stain
- SYTOX Orange Stain
- Cell-Permeant Cyanine Dyes: The SYTO Nucleic Acid Stains
- SYTO Nucleic Acid Stains for DNA and RNA
- SYTO RNASelect Green-Fluorescent Cell Stain
- Chemically Reactive Cyanine Dyes
- RediPlate 96 Nucleic Acid Stain Sampler Microplate
- Phenanthridines and Acridines: Classic Intercalating Dyes
- Cell-Impermeant Ethidium Bromide and Propidium Iodide
- Cell-Permeant Hexidium Iodide
- Cell-Permeant Dihydroethidium (Hydroethidine)
- High-Affinity Ethidium Homodimers
- Ethidium Monoazide: A Photocrosslinking Reagent
- Acridine Orange: A Dual-Fluorescence Nucleic Acid Stain
- AT-Selective Acridine Homodimer
- AT-Selective ACMA
- Indoles and Imidazoles: Classic Minor Groove–Binding Dyes
- DNA-Selective Hoechst Dyes
- AT-Selective DAPI
- Other Nucleic Acid Stains
- 7-Aminoactinomycin D and Actinomycin D: Fluorescent Intercalators
- Multicolor Hydroxystilbamidine
- Long-Wavelength LDS 751
- NeuroTrace Fluorescent Nissl Stains
- Data Table
- Product List
- ChromaTide Nucleotides
- Structures of the ChromaTide Nucleotides
- Fluorescent ChromaTide Nucleotides
- ChromaTide Dinitrophenyl (DNP)-11-dUTP
- Using ChromaTide Nucleotides in Enzymatic Labeling Methods
- Amine-Modified Nucleotides
- Unlabeled and Labeled aha-dUTP and aha-dCTP
- Aminoallyl UTP and Aminoallyl dUTP
- Alexa Fluor Amine-Reactive Dye Decapacks for Labeling Amine-Modified DNA and RNA
- 5-Bromo-2'-Deoxyuridine, 5-Bromo-dUTP (BrdUTP) and 5-Bromo-UTP (BrUTP)
- ULYSIS Nucleic Acid Labeling Kits
- ARES DNA Labeling Kits
- Labeled Oligonucleotides
- Labeling Amine- and Thiol-Modified Oligonucleotides
- Alexa Fluor Oligonucleotide Amine Labeling Kits
- Alexa Fluor Amine-Reactive Dye Decapacks
- Other Reactive Fluorescent Dyes and Quenchers
- Dyes for Sequencing Applications
- Labeling Phosphate-Modified Oligonucleotides
- Other Chemical Labeling Methods for Nucleic Acids
- Labeling Cytidine Residues
- Labeling the 3'-Terminus of RNA
- Labeling Abasic Sites with ARP
- Specialized Methods for Nucleic Acid Modification
- ElutaTube Microdialysis Vials
- Product List
- Nucleic Acid Detection and Quantitation in Solution
- Quant-iT Assay Kits for DNA and RNA
- Quant-iT DNA Assay Kits
- Quant-iT RNA Assay Kit
- PicoGreen dsDNA Quantitation Assay
- PicoGreen dsDNA Quantitation Reagent and Kits
- RediPlate 96 PicoGreen dsDNA Quantitation Kits and Microplate
- OliGreen ssDNA Quantitation Reagent and Kit
- RiboGreen RNA Quantitation Assay
- RiboGreen RNA Quantitation Reagent and Kit
- RediPlate 96 RiboGreen RNA Quantitation Kit
- RiboGreen RNA-Specific Quantitation Kit with DNase I
- Other Stains for Nucleic Acid Quantitation in Solution
- Cyanine Dyes and Phenanthridine Dyes for Nucleic Acid Quantitation in Solution
- Hoechst 33258 Dye for Quantitating DNA in Solution
- Real-Time Quantitative PCR Using the SYBR Green I Nucleic Acid Gel Stain
- A Useful Technique to Reduce Background Fluorescence in Nucleic Acid Detection
- Product List
- Nucleic Acid Detection in Gels
- SYBR Gold Nucleic Acid Gel Stain
- SYBR Green I Nucleic Acid Gel Stain
- SYBR Green II RNA Gel Stain
- SYBR Green Nucleic Acid Gel Stains: Special Packaging and a Starter Kit
- SYBR Safe DNA Gel Stain
- Ethidium Bromide
- Cyanine Monomers for Staining DNA in Electrophoretic Gels
- Cyanine and Ethidium Dimers for Staining DNA Prior to Electrophoresis
- Electrophoretic Mobility-Shift (Bandshift) Assay (EMSA) Kit
- Other Nucleic Acid Stains for Gel-Staining Applications
- Safe Imager Blue-Light Transilluminator
- Capillary Electrophoresis and Channel Electrophoresis
- Capillary Electrophoresis
- Product List
- Principles of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
- Probe Preparation for FISH
- Enzymatic Incorporation of ChromaTide Labeled Nucleotides
- Aminoallyl dUTP Labeling Using the ARES Kits
- Direct Chemical Labeling of Nucleic Acids Using the ULYSIS Kits
- Labeling Oligonucleotides
- Signal Amplification for FISH Using Secondary Detection Reagents
- Biotin and Streptavidin
- Signal Amplification Using Anti-Dye Antibodies
- Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA)
- Signal Amplification Using Enzyme-Labeled Fluorescence (ELF) Technology
- Signal Amplification Using Two Rounds of Amplification
- Colorimetric Signal Amplification
- Counterstaining Chromosomes for FISH
- Gaskets for In Situ Hybridization Experiments
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization on Blots and Microarrays
- Labeling Nucleic Acid Samples for Microarray Experiments
- Consistent, Uniform Sample Labeling with ARES DNA Labeling Kits
- Alexa Fluor Reactive Dye Decapacks for Microarray Applications
- Fast and Easy Direct Labeling with ULYSIS Nucleic Acid Labeling Kits
- Fluorophore-Labeled Nucleotides
- Labeled dT18 and Random Oligodeoxynucleotides
- Using Labeled Oligonucleotides as Biosensors on Solid Supports
- Secondary Detection for Signal Amplification
- Detecting Biotin Labels with Fluorescent Streptavidin Conjugates
- Signal Amplification with the ELF 97 Phosphatase Substrate
- Chemiluminescent Detection on Blots
- Other Types of Signal Amplification
- Tools and Techniques for Quality Control Testing and Normalization on Microarrays and Blots
- PARAGON DNA Microarray QC Stain Kit
- PARAGON DNA Microarray QC Hybridization Kits
- PARAGON Genomic DNA Hybridization Test Kits
- PARAGON Microarray Scanner Calibration Slide
- PARAGON Dye Ratio Calibration Slide
- Other Nucleic Acid Stains for Standardizing Microarrays
- SYBR DX DNA Blot Stain
- Panomer Random-Sequence Oligonucleotides
- Sample Quantitation
- Hybridization Chambers for Microarrays
- Solution-Based Hybridization Assays
- Real-Time Quantitative PCR Using FRET and Quenching Techniques
- Other Solution-Based Hybridization Assays Using FRET and Quenching Techniques
- Other Solution-Based Hybridization Assays Using Fluorescent Nucleic Acid Stains
- Product List
- Nuclear Counterstaining of Fixed Cells and Tissues
- Blue-Fluorescent Counterstains
- Green-Fluorescent Counterstains
- Yellow-Fluorescent Counterstain
- Orange- and Red-Fluorescent Counterstains
- Long-Wavelength Nuclear Counterstains
- SelectFX Nuclear Labeling Kit
- Cytological Nuclear Counterstain Kit
- Nuclear Counterstains for Live Cells and Unfixed Tissues
- Cell-Permeant Blue-Fluorescent Counterstains
- Cell-Permeant Green-Fluorescent Counterstains
- Cell-Permeant Orange- and Red-Fluorescent Counterstains
- Tracking Chromosomes through Mitosis
- Chromosome Counterstaining
- Red-Fluorescent Counterstaining for Green-Fluorescent Probes
- The Best Green-Fluorescent Counterstains
- Blue-Fluorescent Counterstaining for Multicolor Labeling
- Very Long-Wavelength Counterstains for Multicolor Labeling
- Chromosome Banding
- SYTOX Green Nucleic Acid Stain
- Acridine Homodimer
- Other Dyes and Chromosome Banding Reagents
- NeuroTrace Fluorescent Nissl Stains
- Product List
- Nucleic Acid Conformational Analysis
- Examining the Behavior of Single Nucleic Acid Molecules
- DNA Binding Assays
- Electrophoretic Mobility-Shift (Bandshift) Assays
- DNA Binding Assays in Solution
- Selective Cleavage of Nucleic Acids with a Chemical Nuclease
- Assessing DNA Damage
- Comet (Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis) Assay to Detect Damaged DNA
- TUNEL Assay for In Situ Detection of Fragmented DNA
- Microplate Assays for DNA Damage
- Assays for Enzymes that Modify Nucleic Acids
- Gel Assays for DNase Detection
- Solution Assays for Nuclease Detection
- An Assay for Reverse Transcriptase Activity
- Telomerase
- Product List
List of Tables
Table 8.1 — Specialty nucleic acid reagents for molecular biology
Table 8.2 — Cell membrane–impermeant cyanine nucleic acid stains
Table 8.3 — Cell-permeant cyanine nucleic acid stains
Table 8.4 — Properties of classic nucleic acid stains
Table 8.5 — General characteristics of the dyes provided in the RediPlate 96 nucleic acid stain sampler microplate (R32715)
Table 8.6 — Characteristics of ChromaTide UTP nucleotides
Table 8.7 — Characteristics of ChromaTide dUTP, ChromaTide OBEA-dCTP, aha-dUTP and aha-dCTP labeled nucleotides
Table 8.8 — Spectral characteristics of the fluorescent dyes available in Molecular Probes' ULYSIS Nucleic Acid Labeling Kits
Table 8.9 — Spectral characteristics of the fluorescent dyes available in Molecular Probes' ARES DNA Labeling Kits
Table 8.10 — Oligonucleotide Amine Labeling Kits
Table 8.11 — Amine-reactive dyes for nucleic acid sequencing
Table 8.12 — Selection Guide for the Quant-iT Assay Kits
Table 8.13 — Effects of Contaminants on the PicoGreen Assay
Table 8.14 — Effects of Contaminants on the OliGreen Assay
Table 8.15 — Comparison of the RiboGreen RNA quantitation reagent and ethidium bromide
Table 8.16 — Effects of Contaminants on the RiboGreen Assay
Table 8.17 — Tools for hybridization experiments
Table 8.18 — Spectral characteristics of labeled oligonucleotides
Table 8.19 — Nucleic acid stains used for microarray quality control
List of Figures
Figure 8.1 — Fluorescence emission spectra of DNA-bound cyanine dimers
Figure 8.2 — T3602; TO-PRO-1 iodide (515/531)
Figure 8.3 — T3600; TOTO-1 iodide (514/533)
Figure 8.4 — Lambda bacteriophage HindIII fragments. POPO™-1, BOBO™-1, YOYO(R)-1, TOTO(R)-1, JOJO™-1, POPO™-3, LOLO™-1, BOBO™-3, YOYO(R)-3 and TOTO(R)-3 nucleic acid stains.
Figure 8.5 — Relaxation of a single DNA molecule. YOYO(R)-1 iodide.
Figure 8.6 — NMR solution structure of the TOTO-1 dye bound to DNA
Figure 8.7 — Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC). MitoTracker(R) Red CMXRos, SYTOX(R) Green nucleic acid stain, biotin-XX goat anti–mouse IgG antibody and Cascade Blue(R) NeutrAvidin biotin-binding protein.
Figure 8.8 — Zebrafish gut. BODIPY(R) TR-X phallacidin and SYTOX(R) Green nucleic acid stain.
Figure 8.9 — Micrococcus luteus stained with SYTOX(R) Blue nucleic acid stain.
Figure 8.10 — SYTOX Orange/DNA
Figure 8.11 — Human neutrophil. SYTO(R) 13 live-cell nucleic acid stain.
Figure 8.12 — Relative absorbance and fluorescence emission spectra of SYTO RNASelect green-fluorescent cell stain in the presence of Escherichia coli RNA or E. coli DNA, or in buffer alone
Figure 8.13 — E1305; DISCONTINUED ethidium bromide
Figure 8.14 — P1304MP; propidium iodide
Figure 8.15 — Drosophila ovarian egg chamber. Propidium iodide.
Figure 8.16 — Fluorescence emission spectra of other DNA-bound dyes
Figure 8.17 — H7593; hexidium iodide
Figure 8.18 — E1169; ethidium homodimer-1 (EthD-1)
Figure 8.19 — E3599; ethidium homodimer-2 (EthD-2)
Figure 8.20 — Ethidium homodimer-1/DNA
Figure 8.21 — Fluorescence emission spectra of DNA-bound SYTOX Green stain and EthD-1
Figure 8.22 — E1374; ethidium monoazide bromide (EMA)
Figure 8.23 — A1301; acridine orange
Figure 8.24 — A666; acridine homodimer (bis-(6-chloro-2-methoxy-9-acridinyl)spermine)
Figure 8.25 — A1324; 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine (ACMA)
Figure 8.26 — H1398; Hoechst 33258, pentahydrate (bis-benzimide)
Figure 8.27 — H1399; Hoechst 33342, trihydrochloride, trihydrate
Figure 8.28 — Hoechst 33258/DNA
Figure 8.29 — D1306; 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride (DAPI)
Figure 8.30 — X-ray crystal structure of DAPI bound to DNA
Figure 8.31 — A1310; 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD)
Figure 8.32 — 7-aminoactinomycin D/DNA
Figure 8.33 — Wheat root tips in seven stages of the cell cycle. 7-aminoactinomycin D.
Figure 8.34 — H22845; hydroxystilbamidine, methanesulfonate
Figure 8.35 — Fluorescence spectra of hydroxystilbamidine bound to different forms of DNA
Figure 8.36 — L7595; LDS 751
Figure 8.37 — Pyramidal cells of a mouse hippocampus and dentate gyrus. NeuroTrace(R) green fluorescent Nissl stain.
Figure 8.38 — Structure of ChromaTide BODIPY FL-14-dUTP
Figure 8.39 — Structure of ChromaTide Alexa Fluor 488-7-OBEA-dCTP
Figure 8.40 — F32767; fluorescein-aha-dUTP
Figure 8.41 — Expression of snail RNA in an early-stage fruit fly embryo visualized by FISH.
Figure 8.42 — Schematic diagram of the labeling method provided in our ULYSIS Nucleic Acid Labeling Kits
Figure 8.43 — Nucleic acid labeling method provided in our ULYSIS Nucleic Acid Labeling Kits
Figure 8.44 — Centromere probes to chromosomes 1, 15 and 17 labeled with ULYSIS Alexa Fluor 546, Alexa Fluor 594 and Oregon Green 488 Nucleic Acid Labeling Kits
Figure 8.45 — Schematic diagram of the labeling method provided in our ARES DNA Labeling Kits
Figure 8.46 — Human metaphase chromosome spreads.
Figure 8.47 — A21664; aminoallyl dUTP (5-(3-aminoallyl)-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate, trisodium salt)
Figure 8.48 — QSY 7 dye–labeled oligonucleotide/pH 7.5
Figure 8.49 — Schematic diagram of labeling amine-modified oligodeoxynucleotides with succinimidyl ester dyes
Figure 8.50 — Fluorescence emission spectra of single-stranded DNA labeled with the Alexa Fluor 647 dye or Cy5 dye
Figure 8.51 — Fluorescence quenching of 5'-tetramethylrhodamine–labeled M13 primers by nonfluorescent dyes attached at the 3'-end
Figure 8.52 — DNA, RNA or protein quantitation with the Quant-iT Assay Kits
Figure 8.53 — DNA selectivity and sensitivity of the Quant-iT DNA High-Sensitivity assay
Figure 8.54 — DNA selectivity and sensitivity of the Quant-iT DNA Broad-Range assay
Figure 8.55 — RNA selectivity and sensitivity of the Quant-iT RNA assay
Figure 8.56 — Fluorescence enhancement of the PicoGreen reagent upon binding to dsDNA, ssDNA and RNA
Figure 8.57 — Quick and easy protocol of our nucleic acid quantitation assays
Figure 8.58 — Linear quantitation of calf thymus DNA using the PicoGreen dsDNA quantitation reagent
Figure 8.59 — Linear quantitation of DNA from 0 to 50 ng/mL using the PicoGreen dsDNA quantitation reagent
Figure 8.60 — A RediPlate 96 microplate
Figure 8.61 — Linear quantitation of a synthetic 24-mer using the OliGreen ssDNA quantitation reagent
Figure 8.62 — Linear quantitation of ribosomal RNA using the RiboGreen RNA quantitation reagent
Figure 8.63 — Dynamic range and sensitivity of the RediPlate 96 RiboGreen RNA quantitation assay
Figure 8.64 — Linear range and sensitivity of the RiboGreen RNA-specific quantitation assay
Figure 8.65 — Marine viruses, bacteria and a diatom. SYBR(R) Green I nucleic acid stain.
Figure 8.66 — Schematic representation of real-time PCR with the SYBR Green I dye
Figure 8.67 — Schematic representation of real-time PCR with quencher-labeled primers and the SYBR Green I dye
Figure 8.68 — DNA molecular weight ladders stained with SYBR(R) Green I nucleic acid gel stain.
Figure 8.69 — 1% Agarose gel containing 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). SYBR(R) Green II RNA gel stain.
Figure 8.70 — Comparison of glyoxalated RNA stained with ethidium bromide or SYBR Gold nucleic acid stain
Figure 8.71 — Comparison of sensitivity achieved using SYBR Gold stain and silver stain
Figure 8.72 — Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of SYBR Gold nucleic acid gel stain bound to dsDNA
Figure 8.73 — Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) in exon 1 of human K-ras. SYBR(R) Gold nucleic acid gel stain.
Figure 8.74 — Comparison of dsDNA detection in native gels using SYBR Green I gel stain and ethidium bromide
Figure 8.75 — Agarose gel containing camptothecin-treated HL-60 cells. SYBR(R) Green I nucleic acid gel stain.
Figure 8.76 — Comparison of single-stranded oligonucleotide detection using SYBR Green I gel stain and ethidium bromide
Figure 8.77 — Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of dsDNA-bound SYBR Green I gel stain
Figure 8.78 — Comparison of RNA detection in nondenaturing gels using SYBR Green II RNA gel stain and ethidium bromide
Figure 8.79 — Normalized fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of the SYBR Safe DNA gel stain
Figure 8.80 — DNA fragments stained with SYBR(R) Safe DNA gel stain.
Figure 8.81 — Human metaphase chromosomes hybridized to chromosome paints.
Figure 8.82 — Karyotype of human metaphase chromosomes using RxFISH.
Figure 8.83 — Visualization of chromosome 2 using a paint probe labeled with the ULYSIS Alexa Fluor(R) 546 Nucleic Acid Labeling Kit.
Figure 8.84 — Human metaphase chromosomes. ULYSIS Oregon Green(R) and Alexa Fluor(R) 594 Nucleic Acid Labeling Kits, and DAPI.
Figure 8.85 — Human metaphase chromosomes hybridized to centromere probes labeled with ChromaTide(R) OBEA-dCTP nucleotides.
Figure 8.86 — Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping of a BAC clone on human metaphase chromosomes
Figure 8.87 — Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to human metaphase chromosomes using Alexa Fluor conjugates for detection
Figure 8.88 — Schematic representation of in situ hybridization detection using amplification with biotin and a labeled streptavidin
Figure 8.89 — Schematic representation of in situ hybridization detection using amplification with an anti-dye antibody
Figure 8.90 — Amplification of FISH signals using the Alexa Fluor(R) 488 Signal-Amplification Kit for Fluorescein- and Oregon Green(R) Dye–Conjugated Probes.
Figure 8.91 — Schematic representation of mRNA in situ hybridization detection using tyramide signal amplification (TSA)
Figure 8.92 — Fluorescence in situ hybridization detected by tyramide signal amplification
Figure 8.93 — Schematic representation of mRNA in situ hybridization detection using the ELF technology
Figure 8.94 — Transformed mouse fibroblasts (CRE BAG 2 cells). ELF(R) 97 mRNA In Situ Hybridization Kit and DAPI
Figure 8.95 — HybriWell hybridization sealing system
Figure 8.96 — DNA microarray hybridized to DNA labeled using the ARES™ DNA Labeling Kits.
Figure 8.97 — Comparison of the absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of the Alexa Fluor 555 and Cy3 dyes
Figure 8.98 — Comparison of the fluorescence spectra of the Alexa Fluor 647 and Cy5 dyes
Figure 8.99 — ULYSIS reagent–labeled RNA hybridized to a microarray.
Figure 8.100 — Microarray hybridized to Alexa Fluor 546 dye–labeled cDNA
Figure 8.101 — Microarray expression analysis using an Alexa Fluor 546 dye–labeled dendrimer
Figure 8.102 — DNA microarrays stained with nucleic acid stains for quality control
Figure 8.103 — Panomer 9 oligodeoxynucleotides for quality control of microarray spotting
Figure 8.104 — Schematic diagram of method used in the PARAGON DNA Microarray QC Stain Kit
Figure 8.105 — Schematic diagram of the DNA microarray control slide from the PARAGON DNA Microarray QC Stain Kit and the PARAGON DNA Microarray QC Hybridization Kits
Figure 8.106 — Typical results obtained with the PARAGON Genomic DNA Hybridization Test Kit #2
Figure 8.107 — Typical results obtained with the PARAGON dye ratio calibration slide
Figure 8.108 — DNA stained with SYBR DX DNA blot stain following Southern transfer
Figure 8.109 — DNA microarray hybridized to Panomer 9 random oligodeoxynucleotides
Figure 8.110 — Microarray spotted with the Alexa Fluor 546 and Alexa Fluor 647 Panomer 9 random oligodeoxyribonucleotides
Figure 8.111 — Secure-Seal gasket for use with microarray hybridizations
Figure 8.112 — HybriSlip covers for hybridization
Figure 8.113 — Schematic representation of molecular beacons
Figure 8.114 — Schematic representation of wavelength-shifting molecular beacons
Figure 8.115 — Schematic representation of real-time PCR with TaqMan primers
Figure 8.116 — Schematic representation of real-time PCR with Scorpion primers
Figure 8.117 — Schematic representation of real-time PCR with UniPrimers
Figure 8.118 — Four-color image of mouse intestine cryosection.
Figure 8.119 — SYTOX Blue/DNA
Figure 8.120 — Sexual reproduction of Tetrahymena thermophila. Texas Red(R)-X goat anti–mouse IgG (H+L) conjugate and SYTOX(R) Green nucleic acid stain.
Figure 8.121 — Macrophages treated with interleukin-4. Rhodamine phalloidin and YO-PRO(R)-1 iodide.
Figure 8.122 — Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. SYTOX(R) Green nucleic acid stain and BODIPY(R) TR-X phallacidin.
Figure 8.123 — Human cheek epithelial cells. Alexa Fluor(R) 350 wheat germ agglutinin and SYTOX(R) Green nucleic acid stain.
Figure 8.124 — Nuclear deformation of an apoptotic cell visualized with the SYTOX(R) Green dye.
Figure 8.125 — Mouse brain section stained with NeuroTrace(R) 435/455 blue-fluorescent Nissl stain and counterstained with nuclear yellow.
Figure 8.126 — Binucleate bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell. Anti–α-tubulin, biotin-XX conjugate; Alexa Fluor(R) 568 streptavidin and nuclear yellow.
Figure 8.127 — T1323; true blue chloride
Figure 8.128 — Zebrafish retina. TSA Kit #2, Alexa Fluor(R) 350 wheat germ agglutinin conjugate and TOTO(R)-3 nucleic acid stain.
Figure 8.129 — TOTO-3/DNA
Figure 8.130 — TO-PRO-3/DNA
Figure 8.131 — Solemya reidi gill filaments. The SYTOX(R) Green nucleic acid stain, propidium iodide or DAPI, which are all components of the FISH Counterstain Kit #2.
Figure 8.132 — Freshwater snail embryo. SYTO(R) Blue fluorescent nucleic acid stain, a component of the SYTO(R) Blue Fluorescent Stain Sampler Kit.
Figure 8.133 — Polymorphonuclear leukocytes. SYTO(R) 13 live-cell nucleic acid stain.
Figure 8.134 — Chromatin in PtK2 cells. DAPI.
Figure 8.135 — Drosophila embryos. Lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl chloride and SYTOX(R) Green nucleic acid stain.
Figure 8.136 — Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Anti–α-tubulin, biotin-XX goat anti–mouse IgG antibody, Marina Blue(R) streptavidin and TO-PRO(R)-3.
Figure 8.137 — Mitotic spindles from sea urchin eggs. YOYO(R)-1 iodide and Texas Red(R) goat anti–rat IgG (H+L) antibody.
Figure 8.138 — Using the YOYO-1 dye to follow cell division in a sea urchin egg
Figure 8.139 — Centromeres in human metaphase chromosome spread. Fluorescein streptavidin, biotinylated anti-fluorescein and propidium iodide.
Figure 8.140 — Human metaphase chromosomes. DAPI.
Figure 8.141 — Human metaphase chromosomes. Chromosome Banding Kit #2 *SYTOX(R) Green nucleic acid stain/Methyl Green*.
Figure 8.142 — Mouse brain section stained with NeuroTrace(R) 515/535 yellow-fluorescent Nissl stain and counterstained with nuclear yellow.
Figure 8.143 — Mouse cerebellum section. NeuroTrace(R) 530/615 red-fluorescent Nissl stain and nuclear yellow.
Figure 8.144 — T2 phage genomic DNA. YOYO(R)-1 nucleic acid stain.
Figure 8.145 — Electrophoretic bandshift assays using SYBR Green I nucleic acid gel stain
Figure 8.146 — Titration of lac operator DNA with lac repressor protein.
Figure 8.147 — HL-60 cells in a comet assay. SYBR(R) Green I nucleic acid gel stain.
Figure 8.148 — Aldehyde-reactive probe (ARP) used to detect DNA damage
Figure 8.149 — Schematic diagram of the mechanism used in the EnzChek Reverse Transcriptase Assay Kit
Figure 8.150 — Detection of HIV reverse transcription using the EnzChek Reverse Transcriptase Assay Kit
List of Technical Notes and Product Highlights
Note 8.1 — Product Highlight: Alexa Fluor Dyes for Labeling Nucleic Acids
Note 8.2 — Product Highlight: SYBR Green I and SYBR Green II Dyes for Quantitating Nucleic Acids on Plastic Wrap or Paraffin Sheets
Note 8.3 — Product Highlight: SYBR Safe DNA Gel Stain
Note 8.4 — Product Highlight: Procedure for Staining Microarrays with SYBR Green II Dye
Product Highlights
